ANOTHER NASTY HABIT, VITAMIN D, AND DOG COLLARS....

Wow, Helpful Buckeye received a lot of e-mails after last week's discussion about coprophagia. Every response indicated that this is a very common problem for dog owners. Hopefully, most of you will now better understand the situation and be able to deal with it in the proper manner.

The other poll question dealing with how often dog owners clean up dog droppings from their yards showed that all respondents take care of that daily. That is very commendable...not only does the clean-up reduce the opportunity for coprophagia, but it also decreases the chances for intestinal worms to be spread.

Remember to answer the poll questions this week in the column to the left.

Also, take heed of this ancient Chinese proverb: "He who asks is perhaps a fool for five minutes, but he who does not ask remains a fool forever."  If you have any questions at all, send them to: dogcatvethelp@gmail.com and Helpful Buckeye will provide the answers.


CURRENT NEWS OF INTEREST

1) The American Veterinary Medical Association has released this report that originated in Michigan:

On October 8, 2010, the Michigan State University (MSU) Diagnostic Center for Population and Animal Health (DCPAH) issued a press release describing 16 cases of confirmed hypervitaminosis D (vitamin D toxicity) in dogs from 8 states (Michigan, Texas, Colorado, Wisconsin, California, Illinois, North Dakota and Utah). The DCPAH reported that further investigation of the cases revealed that all of the affected dogs were receiving the same brand of pet food – Blue Buffalo Wilderness Chicken Recipe.


Also on October 8, Blue Buffalo issued a recall of the following products:


• BLUE Wilderness Chicken (Dog) in 4.5lb, 11lb and 24lb bags with "Best Used By" dates of JUL1211B, JUL1311B, JUL2611Z, JUL2711Z, JUL2811Z
• BLUE Basics Salmon (Dog) in 11lb and 24lb bags with "Best Used By" dates of AUG2111B, AUG2211B
• BLUE Large Breed Adult Chicken in 30lb bags with "Best Used By" dates of SEP 22 11 P, SEP 23 11 P, OCT 26 11 P

2) The Humane Society of the United States has released what they refer to as, The Dirty Dozen of Missouri...a listing of the worst offenders of pet health regulations as determined by HSUS investigations. Go To:
http://www.humanesociety.org/assets/pdfs/pets/puppy_mills/summary_report_on_mos_dirty.pdf   for the complete list of The Dirty Dozen of Missouri.

3) The ASPCA has also contributed a lot of coverage to the puppy mill situation in Missouri. They are actively campaigning in favor of Proposition B in Missouri's upcoming election:
http://www.aspca.org/news/national/10-08-10.html#1

DISEASES, AILMENTS, AND MEDICAL CONDITIONS

Helpful Buckeye received an e-mail last week from "Ed" in Oregon asking why coprophagia was included under this heading of Diseases, Etc. Well, Ed, it's a good question, considering that most people think of coprophagia as a behavioral problem. However, in this case, Helpful Buckeye decided to include it in the discussion of diseases and medical conditions. As you found out last week, coprophagia can sometimes happen as a result of a medical problem and some behavioral problems require treatment in much the same manner as a medical problem.
Along those lines, there is another really nasty habit that some dogs seem to enjoy...much to the consternation of their owners. Consider the following scenarios:

You work like a dog to get your own canine clean and smelling pretty, and how does he repay you? By running to the first pile of poop he can find and rolling in it.

Or, you're both walking along a pretty nature trail, enjoying the sweet breeze, when your dog spots a dead animal. He immediately dives his body into the unpleasant mass of decaying odors.

Then, as many of my former clients described, they'd be walking with their dog on a beach and the dog would find a pile of fish that had been dead for 3 days and, you guessed it...roll in the pile.

Why on earth do dogs enjoy this? The answer is simple: it's an instinct. If your dog could talk, he probably wouldn't be able to tell you exactly why he does it, either. No one is sure what the attraction is, but there are three working hypotheses.

One is that dogs are attempting to mask their own scent. This would be a holdover from their origins as wolves. Masking their scent may help wolves sneak up on prey without alerting them by way of smell.

A second theory is that rolling in feces or a dead animal's remains is a way for a dog to communicate that he's found something interesting.

The dog (or wolf) then transports that smell back to his family (his pack) in order to advertise his discovery.

A third theory is set forth in the book The Truth About Dogs, by Stephen Budiansky. It is possible, Budiansky writes, that we've gotten it backwards. The dog may not be trying to absorb the scent; instead he may be trying to impart his own scent onto the object of his interest, for the same reason that a dog may urinate on a tree. The purpose may be no more than to leave a calling card – to overmark a another scent.

This book is available at:
http://www.amazon.com/s/ref=nb_sb_noss?url=search-alias%3Dstripbooks&field-keywords=the+truth+about+dogs&x=14&y=15

Whichever way you cut it, this usually leaves you with a dog that really stinks! And, to Helpful Buckeye, it qualifies as a...nasty habit.

Much of this was adapted from PetPlace.com.

NON-MEDICAL CONCERNS

Helpful Buckeye regularly receives e-mails asking for advice on what type of collar to use for a dog. The HSUS has put together a comprehensive description of all the types of dog collar that are available:

Dog Collars

Which Type is Best For Your Dog?

Every dog needs a collar, chiefly because he needs something to hang his ID, license, and rabies vaccination tag on (and leash, of course). There are so many styles of collar out there that it's easy to get one that reflects your dog's (or your) personality.

Collars serve purposes beyond identification and decoration, most of which have to do with training. Not all of them are appropriate for all (or even any) dogs. Read on to find which collar would best suit your pup.

Regular collars

• Flat

This is the standard collar for dogs. It has a buckle or plastic snap ("quick-release") closure and a ring for attaching identification tags and/or leash and is available in many colors and designs. A flat collar should fit comfortably tight on your dog's neck. It should not be so tight as to choke your dog nor so loose that he can slip out of it. The rule of thumb says you should be able to get two fingers underneath the collar.

• Martingale

The martingale collar is also known as a limited-slip collar. This collar is designed for dogs with narrow heads such as Greyhounds and other sighthounds (such as the Afghan hound, Saluki, and whippet). It is also useful for a dog of any breed who is adept at slipping out of his collar.

The martingale consists of a length of material with a metal ring at each end. A separate loop of material passes through the two rings. The leash attaches to a ring on this loop. When your dog tries to back out of the martingale, the collar tightens around his neck. If the collar is properly adjusted, it will tighten just to the size of your dog's neck and won't choke him.

Head collar

The head collar is similar in principle to a horse's halter. One strap of the collar fits around your dog's neck and sits high on the head, just behind the ears. The other strap of the collar forms a loop around your dog's muzzle. The leash attaches to ring at bottom of muzzle loop.

The head collar is good for strong, energetic dogs that both jump and pull. Because the halter is around your dog's muzzle, instead of neck, your dog loses a great deal of leverage and he will be unable to pull on the leash with the full weight of his body.

To be effective, the head collar must be properly fitted. And to be safe, make sure not to yank your dog's leash while he's wearing a head halter. Some manufacturers include instructions and a DVD with the collar. Otherwise, ask your dog trainer or a knowledgeable sales clerk for assistance with fitting. Proper fit and use should minimize the risk of injury to your dog.

It may take some time, patience, and lots of treats to get your dog accustomed to wearing a head collar. Put it on him for short periods until your dog is comfortable in the collar. Then he should only wear it when you are taking him out on a leash. Don’t leave the head collar on your dog all the time; eventually he will manage to pull off the muzzle loop and use it as his chew toy!

Aversive collars

Some trainers use aversive collars to train "difficult" dogs with correction or punishment. These collars rely on physical discomfort or even pain to teach the dog what not to do. They suppress the unwanted behavior but don't teach him what the proper one is. At best, they are unpleasant for your dog, and at worst, they may cause your dog to act aggressively and even bite you. Positive training methods should always be your first choice.

Choke chain

As the name implies, this collar is made of metal links and is designed to control your dog by tightening around your dog's neck. It is supposed to sit high up on the dog's neck just behind his ears.

Unlike the martingale collar, there is no way to control how much the choke chain tightens so it's possible to choke or strangle your dog. It can also cause other problems, too, such as injuries to the trachea and esophagus, blood vessels in the eyes, neck sprains, nerve damage, fainting, transient paralysis, and even death.

It is best for your dog to avoid using a choke chain. More humane collars and good obedience training should make it unnecessary to resort to this aversive collar.

If you insist on using one, consult an experienced trainer to learn how to properly size, fit, and use it. And never leave a choke chain on your dog as his regular collar; the chain could catch on something and choke your dog!

Prong or pinch

The prong or pinch collar is similar in style to the martingale. The control loop that the leash is attached to is made of chain. The loop that fits around your dog's neck is made of a series of fang-shaped metal links, or prongs, with blunted points. When the control loop is pulled, the prongs pinch the loose skin of your dog's neck.

Like the choke chain, the prong collar must be properly fitted. The size of the prong links should be appropriate for the size of your dog. The collar should sit high up on your dog's neck just behind his ears. The fit should be snug so the prong links can't shift to the front of your dog's neck where they might pinch your dog's trachea.

More humane collars and good obedience training should make it unnecessary to resort to this aversive collar. If you insist on using one, consult an experienced trainer to learn how to properly size, fit, and use it.

Shock

Shock collars use electric current passing through metal contact points on the collar to give your dog a signal. This electric signal can range from a mild tickling sensation to a painful shock.

Shock collars are sold as training devices and to stop barking. They are also used with pet containment (electronic fencing) systems.

The least humane and most controversial use of the shock collar is as a training device. The trainer can administer a shock to a dog at a distance through a remote control. There is a greater chance for abuse (delivery of shocks as punishment) or misuse (poor timing of shocks). Your dog also may associate the painful shock with people or other experiences, leading to fearful or aggressive behavior.

Electronic fencing uses shock collars to delivers a shock when the dog approaches the boundaries of the "fenced" area. Typically, the shock is preceded by a tone to warn the dog he is about to get shocked.

Caution! Shock collars can cause irritation and inflammation of your dog's neck skin. To avoid problems:

Don't leave the electronic collar on for an extended length of time.
Clean your dog's neck and the contact points that touch your dog’s neck regularly.

Special-use collars

• Bark control

Though several types of collars are available to control excessive or unwanted barking, none of them address the root cause of the barking. Dogs can bark for several reasons, such as fear or territorial behavior. Though some bark collars may reduce barking, they will not reduce the stress that causes a dog to bark.

Spray: Barking causes these collars to emit a burst of citronella or air which interrupts and deters your dog from barking. Spray collars sometimes don't react to high-pitched barks, making them ineffective.

Tip: Don't use a spray collar when your dog is with other dogs. Another dog's bark may trigger your dog's collar.

Shock: The least humane is the shock collar which delivers an electrical shock to your dog when he barks.

Ultrasonic: When your dog barks, the ultrasonic collar interrupts him by emitting a sound only your dog can hear.

GENERAL INTEREST

1) From PetPartners, Inc. and the American Kennel Club comes this offer of winning 1 full year of pet health insurance. All you have to do is send an entry comment by October 15th on this web site:
http://www.pawnation.com/2010/10/04/countdown-to-meet-the-breeds-win-a-full-year-of-pet-insurance/

2) Also from the AKC, here's an interesting array of "10 Breeds of Dogs That Are Unusual":
http://www.pawnation.com/2010/10/04/10-dog-breeds-youve-never-heard-of/

Did you recognize any of them???

3) A Pekingese from Texas, named Puggy, is claiming to be sporting the longest dog tongue in the world. What would you expect, being from Texas? Check out this video and you make the determination:
http://www.pawnation.com/2010/10/04/puggy-the-pekingese-has-the-longest-dog-tongue-in-the-world/

Add a little make-up and you have Gene Simmons, from KISS....

4) How Many Cats Is Too Many? When Does Helping Become Hoarding?

Each year, some 250,000 animals are reported as victims of hoarding, and that's not counting the many cases that go unreported. At some point, we've all joked about those nutty cat people who collect kitties the way some of us amass shoes. But what's the delicate dividing line between cat lover and cat hoarder? Is it five felines? 10? Can you pull off keeping a dozen without being labeled as pathological?

For the rest of this story, go to:

http://www.pawnation.com/2010/09/23/how-many-cats-is-too-many-when-does-helping-become-hoarding/?icid=main%7Chtmlws-main-w%7Cdl5%7Csec1_lnk3%7C175722

5) For those of you who need a centerfielder for your baseball team that will not drop a fly-ball, you might be interested in Mochi, the cat.  Watch this video and you be the judge:

http://www.pawnation.com/2010/10/01/funny-cat-video-mochi-plays-catch/?icid=main%7Chtmlws-main-w%7Cdl5%7Csec3_lnk3%7C175722

SPORTS NEWS

The Ohio State Buckeyes won again this past week and, combined with Alabama's loss, have moved into the #1 spot in both polls.  This will only last as long as we keep on winning.  This week, we visit Wisconsin, which we always have trouble with on the road.

The Pittsburgh Steelers had the week off.

PERSONAL STUFF

The 4th leg of Helpful Buckeye's Quadathlon of Northern Arizona will take place this coming Thursday, with Desperado attending as the "supporting groupie."  What she has planned for celebrating remains a surprise.  This leg will take longer than the previous 3 events.  More on that next week.

Helpful Buckeye saw another tarantula yesterday while biking, the first one I've seen since Labor Day weekend.  This is the more normal time of year to see them.

This hasn't been a good week for some of Helpful Buckeye's favorite creative people.  A week ago, Stephen Cannell passed away.  He was a prolific novel writer (I've read all of his books) and he was the creator/writer of The Rockford Files, my favorite TV show of all-time.  Then, yesterday, Solomon Burke died.  He was a singer for more than 50 years, covering country, R&B, and popular music.  One of his first big hit songs, Just Out Of Reach, with lyrics by Willie Nelson, appeared back in 1961.  You need to be in Helpful Buckeye'e age group to remember this one:

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lYBWicYVHJo

Helpful Buckeye is leaving you with this thought:

If a dog gave birth to puppies in a public place, could it be cited for littering?

~~The goal of this blog is to provide general information and advice to help you be a better pet owner and to have a more rewarding relationship with your pet. This blog does not intend to replace the professional one-on-one care your pet receives from a practicing veterinarian. When in doubt about your pet's health, always visit a veterinarian.~~

BED BUGS, DANCING DOGS, AND "DOG-TOBER"....

As one of my friends here in Flagstaff told me yesterday, he's really looking forward to welcoming the month of "Dog-Tober" later this week. October is one of the many beautiful months here in northern Arizona and most of the local dogs are thrilled with the comfortably warm days and the crisp, cool nights.

Our 2 best friends, Charlene and Ken, the Cowpokes, joined Desperado and Helpful Buckeye this week to watch the opening show of Dancing With The Stars. We've had a lot of fun watching and commenting on the show over the years and this season got off to a great start. The only problem was that the cast of stars did NOT include Carrie, the Dancing Merengue Dog. Go to this site and watch the video of her dancing the Merengue: http://www.pawnation.com/2010/09/03/funny-animal-video-merengue-dog-dances-into-our-hearts/

Desperado and Helpful Buckeye gave "Carrie" a "9" for her performance and we suspect that Charlene and Ken would have also.

A poll question from last week revealed that most of our respondents have taken their pets into consideration when planning their gardens (75%). The other question showed that not very many of our readers have seen a dog that weighed more than 200 lb. (10%). Remember to answer this week's poll questions in the column to the left.

CURRENT NEWS OF INTEREST

When Helpful Buckeye was still practicing veterinary medicine, the states of Oklahoma and Arkansas bore the title of "Puppy Mill" capitals of the USA. Now, the center of concentration for puppy mills has moved a little further north...to Missouri. The Humane Society of the United States and numerous other dog advocate entities have presented the state of Missouri with evidence of massive potential tax fraud by the puppy mill industry. This move is being seen as a possible means of closing down those operations with more authority than that granted by current state laws governing puppy mill operations. Remember, from a historical comparison point of view, Al Capone was eventually brought down by charges of income tax evasion. Read the whole press release at: http://www.humanesociety.org/news/press_releases/2010/09/missouri_puppy_mills_potential_tax_fraud_092310.html

DISEASES, AILMENTS, AND MEDICAL CONDITIONS

A few weeks ago, Helpful Buckeye included a small blurb about the current bed bug infestation that is seemingly sweeping the USA. Not only has publicity continued to increase on this topic, but a lot of our readers have sent e-mails asking about whether they should be concerned about their pets and...BED BUGS!

The American Veterinary Medical Association has put together a comprehensive package of questions and answers that should help all of you understand this potential threat to you and your pets.

Frequently Asked Questions by Pet Owners about Bed Bugs and Pets

Bed bugs are a growing concern in the U.S., and people are realizing that bed bugs aren't only found in filthy environments – they've been found in the nicest homes and hotels, too. After all, bed bugs aren't discriminating – they'll set up home anywhere there are food sources, and those food sources are people and pets. Bed bugs don't live on people or pets; they live in the environment and feed on people and pets by sucking blood.

So, how do we get rid of these unwanted house guests? Unfortunately, there's no silver bullet for getting rid of them. Effective bed bug elimination usually includes vigilant monitoring, prevention, a combination of chemical and non-chemical treatments, and teamwork.

Q: How would I know if I have bed bugs in my house?

A: The first clue might be unexplained, itchy bug bites, but these bites can also resemble other bug bites and the reactions to bed bug bites can vary. Blood spots on your sheets are an early and consistent indication of an infestation. Other signs include visual evidence in the form of actual bugs, molted skins, fecal spots (bed bug poop) or aggregations of all of these.

Bed bugs are sometimes mistaken for ticks or cockroaches. They don't fly, but they can move fast. They are usually active at night and tend to hide close to sleeping areas during the day. They're very efficient hiders, and can get into very tiny crevices (and you thought your cat was good at hiding!). Adult bed bugs are reddish-brown in color and about the size of an apple seed. Immature bed bugs are smaller, but still visible to the naked eye, and are more translucent white-yellow in color. A bed bug that has just fed on a person or pet is somewhat torpedo-shaped and more reddish in color. Bed bug poop (fecal spots) are small, round, black spots – similar to the "flea dirt" produced by fleas. For more information (including pictures) about identifying bed bugs, view How to Identify a Bed Bug Infestation at: http://www.vdacs.virginia.gov/pesticides/pdffiles/bb-identify1.pdf

Look for evidence of bed bugs in many places, including along mattress seams; behind head boards and on bed frames; in ceiling/wall junctions; along baseboards; in the seams of clothing and other personal belongings such as purses; behind pictures; at electrical outlets; in curtain seams where they gather at the curtain rod; and behind loose wallpaper or chipped paint. Don't forget to check your pet's bedding and stuffed animal toys!

Q: Do bed bugs carry diseases like ticks, fleas or other pests?

A: They're annoying and their bites can cause skin irritation and itching that, if severe, might require some minor treatment, but the good news is that bed bugs aren't known to transmit disease. However, bed bugs are pests of significant public health importance and can cause a variety of negative physical health, mental health and financial consequences.

Q: Can my pet carry bed bugs?

A: Bed bugs don't live on pets or spend as much time on your pet as the more common pests (such as fleas, ticks, lice and mites), but they can bite your pets. We also know that bed bugs are very efficient hitchhikers and can be transported to your home via luggage, clothing, bedding, furniture, etc., so it's possible that bed bugs could also hitchhike in your pet's fur or its bedding or clothing.

Q: I think I've got bed bugs in my house. What do I do?

A: First, contact a professional pest management service, and let the professionals inspect your house and work with you to develop a plan to get rid of your infestation. Keep in mind that it's likely to involve more than one visit – these are tough bugs! "Bug bombs" purchased at the local store will not work against bed bugs.

Tell the pest service that you have pets and you need them to use a product that is as safe as possible for your family and your pets.

Whenever a pesticide is used, always read and follow label directions for any pesticide product. Check the label to make sure it's labeled for use on bed bugs. Any EPA-approved pesticide product should have an EPA Registration number on it. Make sure the pesticide has been approved for indoor use.

Q: I've contacted a pest service to treat my house. What should I do with my pet if I'm worried it's also affected by the bed bugs?

A: In most cases, you won't need to throw out your pet's bedding, clothing or stuffed toys. Here are a few tips for you, based on what we know at this time:

• Launder your pet's bedding in the hottest temperature settings (minimum 120 degrees Fahrenheit in the wash water, and the medium/high or high setting on the dryer). Be careful when transporting the bedding to the laundry and sorting it so you avoid further spreading the bed bugs.
• If the materials (bedding, clothing, etc.) cannot be washed, but can be put in a dryer, put them in the dryer at medium to high heat for 10-20 minutes.
• If the bedding or clothing has tears or holes, consider getting rid of it altogether. Put them in a plastic bag, seal it, and mark it with an obvious sign that it's infested with bugs.

Q: Are flea and tick preventives effective against bed bugs?

A: Only products labeled with bed bugs as a target pest should be used. If bed bugs are not listed on the label, the product may not be effective. And unlike fleas and ticks, bed bugs live in your home, not on your pet. Using the wrong pesticide or using it incorrectly to treat for bed bugs can make you, your family, and your pet sick.

Q: What can I do to prevent bed bugs?

A: There are many good resources to help you prevent bed bug infestations, and they're listed in the resources section below.

This document was produced as a joint outreach effort of the AVMA Communications and Scientific Activities Divisions.

Resources

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)

http://www.cdc.gov/nceh/ehs/Topics/bedbugs.htm

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/bedbugs/

http://www.epa.gov/oppfead1/Publications/Cit_Guide/citguide.pdf

National Center for Healthy Housing

http://www.healthyhomestraining.org/ipm/NCHH_Bed_Bug_Control_2-12-10.pdf

National Pesticide Information Center

http://npic.orst.edu/pest/bedbug.html

Considering that more people are traveling now and more people are taking their pets with them when they travel, there will plenty of opportunity for pet owners and their pets to be exposed to infestations of bed bugs. To then be unfortunate enough to bring this infestation home with you could be catastrophic. Hopefully, this presentation will not only help you understand bed bugs but also provide you with enough information to solve the problem should you find your house, your pet, or yourself up close and personal with bed bugs.

NON-MEDICAL CONCERNS

1) PawNation.com has asked the question:

Who Would Take Care Of Your Pet If You Died?

Liz Ozaist answers:
Four months had passed since my father's sudden death when my husband and I realized we had absolutely no game plan for our boys. At the time, I was mired in estate issues because my dad hadn't anticipated dying at 54, which got me thinking about how wildly unpredictable life can be at any age. What if something equally catastrophic happened to both of us? Who'd take in the boys?  By "our boys," I mean our beloved pets, Felix and Balthazar. Ask anyone who knows me well and they'll say that my dogs are like children to me. As I began thinking about what could happen, the more I had to acknowledge that there were few people in our lives who could truly meet our expectations as their keepers.

According to Rachel Hirschfeld, an attorney who specializes in animal law and founder of the New York County Lawyers Association's Animal Law Committee, over 500,000 companion animals were euthanized this year because their pet owners died, moved into nursing homes or assisted-living situations, or otherwise were no longer able to care for them, and left them behind without enforceable plans. I knew we had to act.

As tricky as it is to decide who should care for your human kid, it can feel equally tricky to pick an entrusted pet guardian. After crossing off the many friends and relatives who had cats or some bizarre obsessive germ phobia (we actually knew a couple of them!), we settled on two options: my grandparents and my best friend, Rebecca.

Turns out, designating two sets of potential caregivers -- and a trustworthy executor to dispense the funds over time -- is the first step in setting up a pet trust. In the event that your primary pick is unwilling or unable to take on the responsibility, you have a built-in backup plan. In our case, it would alleviate any undue stress on my aging grandparents, as well as give my friend time to potentially prepare for two more dogs to join her four-legged brood. She also conveniently personifies the phrase "Must Love Dogs!"

With the biggest decision out of the way, we needed to get our wishes down -- and the boys' needs and whims, from the brand of kibble I prefer to the bone Balty prefers -- in writing. If you think that typing up a Word doc will cut it, think again. Pet trusts aren't recognized under federal tax law -- the IRS labels pets as property -- but they are allowed under law in 28 states, where enforcement is discretionary. Translation: Consult an attorney versed in estate planning who can advise on how much you should allocate for Fido's upkeep. If you over-fund, the courts can intervene a la the Leona Helmsley controversy.

"There are so many variables to consider before you can estimate how much to put into a trust," says Patricia Kauffman, Director of Bequests at The Humane Society of the United States. "The owner needs to account for the pet's age, health, grooming needs, location and the size of the animal, because a big dog's needs will cost more than a small one. Also, the type of species is equally important in assessing the amount. Parrots, for example, are very long-lived, and the care of a horse is extremely expensive."

To get your own pet estate planning off the ground, there are several smart resources online including the Doris Day Animal League, at: http://www.ddal.org/pettrust/  , the Humane Society of the United States, at: http://www.humanesociety.org/animals/resources/tips/providing_for_pets_future_without_you.html  , the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals, at: http://www.aspca.org/pet-care/pet-care-tips/pet-trust-primer.html  , and an ASPCA-recommended website, PetTrustLawyer.com, at: http://www.pettrustlawyer.com/pettrust.php  , which offers legally enforceable document-creation packages from $39.

As for our boys, it's heartening to know that even if we're not around someday to lavish them with treats and back scratches, they'll continue to lead the same well-cared-for, happy life they enjoy now.

This article was adapted from: http://www.pawnation.com/2010/08/27/who-would-take-care-of-your-pet-if-you-died/

2) As a sort of companion piece to this article, Helpful Buckeye came across this interesting set of lists from AOLHealth. Even though this was written with humans in mind, it's not much of a stretch to insert the concept of a pet into the thought processes involved. Look over these lists and determine if you then are going to be a little more aware of someone's position of grief when you attempt to console them.

10 Best and Worst Things to Say to Someone in Grief

The WORST Things to Say to Someone in Grief:

1. At least she lived a long life; many people die young.
2. He is in a better place.
3. She brought this on herself.
4. There is a reason for everything.
5. Aren't you over him yet? He has been dead for a while now.
6. You can have another child still.
7. She was such a good person God wanted her to be with him.
8. I know how you feel.
9. She did what she came here to do, and it was her time to go.
10. Be strong.

The BEST Things to Say to Someone in Grief:

1. I am so sorry for your loss.
2. I wish I had the right words; just know I care.
3. I don't know how you feel, but I am here if I can help in anyway.
4. You and your loved one will be in my thoughts and prayers.
5. My favorite memory of your loved one is ...
6. I am always just a phone call away.
7. Give a hug instead of saying something.
8. We all need help at times like this. I am here for you
9. I am usually up early or late if you need anything.
10. Say nothing; just be with the person

Many of us have said "the best" and "the worst." We meant no harm. In fact, we were trying to comfort. A grieving person may say one of "the worst" about themselves, and it's okay.

Here are some of the traits that make certain comments "the best" and "the worst."

Traits of the WORST Ones:

1. They want to fix the loss.
2. Are about our own discomfort.
3. Are directive in nature.
4. Rationalize or try to explain loss.
5. May be judgmental.
6. Are not about the griever.
7. May minimize the loss.
8. Put a timeline on loss.

Traits of the BEST Ones:

1. Are supportive without trying to fix it.
2. Are about feelings.
3. Are inactive and don't tell anyone what to do.
4. Admit we can't make it better.
5. Don't ask for something or someone to change feelings.
6. Recognize the loss.
7. Don't put time limits on grief.

Keep in mind, context, timing and who is saying them is everything.

Adapted from: http://www.aolhealth.com/2010/07/26/10-best-and-worst-things-to-say-to-someone-in-grief/?icid=mainhtmlws-main-wdl3link5http%3A%2F%2Fwww.aolhealth.com%2F2010%2F07%2F26%2F10-best-and-worst-things-to-say-to-someone-in-grief%2F

PRODUCT OF THE WEEK

The FURminator is back! Got to: http://www.walletpop.com/blog/2010/08/26/furminator-review-it-seems-to-help-with-pet-shedding-woes-and/?icid=main%7Chtmlws-main-w%7Cdl6%7Csec1_lnk3%7C168364  ,watch the video and read the description. This might be just what some of you have been searching for?

GENERAL INTEREST

1) Holly, a recent contributor to Questions On Dogs and Cats, and publisher of her own blog, Your Mother Knows But Won't tell You, at: http://www.hollydietor.blogspot.com/  , submitted this tip relating to the location of micro-chips in pets:

Hi Doc!

I've been traveling for work, so haven't made my usual rounds and am getting here late in the week! How fun to see my name in lights even if it is on an itchy topic!

One thing about the great article of improving odds to finding a lost animal? My step daughter who was a vet tech for a long time told me, after we had Fiona & Rory micro-chipped is that she wished more vets, etc, understood that the chips can migrate. So, if a lost animal is turned into a vet or shelter, the entire body should be scanned, not just the places where the chip is most likely to be. Thought that was a good bit of advice...especially since Rory's has moved! Have a great week!

                                                  Normal location of injected micro-chip


Thanks, Holly....

2) The Humane Society of the United States has put together a short sequence of videos that illustrate why it's not a pet's fault if it winds up in an animal shelter. Spend a few minutes on this one:
http://www.humanesociety.org/video/?fr_story=cb494df2141ac598247400a40108c67f5d7fde52&fr_chl=

3) In the constant war between dogs and cats, here's another comparison of expenses involved in the normal care necessary for both types of pet: http://www.walletpop.com/blog/2010/07/13/savings-experiment-cats-versus-dogs/?icid=main%7Chtmlws-main-w%7Cdl8%7Csec4_lnk2%7C172461

You be the judge....

4) Huntington Beach, CA hosted the second annual Surf City Surf Dog competition last Sunday, raising money for animal charities while letting dogs strut their stuff in a costume contest, a one-mile walk, and of course, a surfing competition. For a fun look at several of the surfing "competitors," go to: http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/09/20/surf-city-surf-dog-compet_n_731586.html#s142259  and click through the photos.

5) An Ikea store in London decided to allow 100 cats to run loose through the facility during the night and...filmed the cats as they made themselves comfortable.  Go to: http://www.pawnation.com/2010/09/16/animal-video-cats-rule-london-ikea/ and watch the video of all the cat action.

6) Even if you don't have a cat, this video will surely impress you with their amazing sense of balance and agility: http://www.pawnation.com/2010/09/15/funny-animal-video-acrobatic-cats/

SPORTS NEWS

The Ohio State Buckeyes pummeled Eastern Michigan yesterday in what was the last "tune up" game before the start of Big 10 conference games.  I don't like to see these big scores being laid on lesser teams but that seems to be the trend as the top teams fight for media attention.

The Pittsburgh Steelers played in Tampa today and showed the Buccaneers that we are for real.  Even with a 4th-string QB, the Steelers scored 38 points, while our defense throttled the Bucs.  Next up will be the Ravens, our most despised rival.

PERSONAL STUFF

Helpful Buckeye will take on the 3rd leg of his Quadathlon of Northern Arizona this week...more on that next week.

We've had a few chilly nights (35 degrees) this past week here in Flagstaff and that seems to have started the migration of the Namby-Pambies back to the warmer environs of Phoenix, etc.  That's OK with Helpful Buckeye...it means less traffic to deal with in my bike lanes, shorter lines at local restaurants, and fewer people at the movies. 

Speaking of movies, Desperado and Helpful Buckeye saw "The Town" this week and all 4 of us thought it was one of the best movies of the year so far.

If we need another reminder that Fall is upon us, here's 1 more photo from our recent trip:

Bales of hay at Devil's Tower, Wyoming

That's it, that's all...the end!

~~The goal of this blog is to provide general information and advice to help you be a better pet owner and to have a more rewarding relationship with your pet. This blog does not intend to replace the professional one-on-one care your pet receives from a practicing veterinarian. When in doubt about your pet's health, always visit a veterinarian.~~

ANOTHER (DOG) PARK, ANOTHER SUNDAY....

Making the transition from Chicago to the Doobie Brothers shouldn't be too difficult....

They both had big hit songs in the 1970s about going to the park.  In last week's issue of Questions On Dogs and Cats, Helpful Buckeye discussed some of the problems encountered by dogs on their visits to dog parks.  This week's issue will focus on some important human concerns of dog owners as they enter the world of dog parks.  As you contemplate what those concerns might be, enjoy the Doobie Brothers and their song from 1974: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kkq64lCWOhE 

The voting in last week's poll questions couldn't have ended up more evenly split.  Half of 18 responses said they have had a problem with their dog at a dog park...and half of 22 responses said they groom their dogs themselves and half use a groomer.  Be sure to answer this week's poll question in the column to the left.

Kevin, from Denver, was partially correct with his suggestion that the song accompanying the frisbee-playing dog in the video last week was part of the soundtrack from the movie, Pulp Fiction.  Full credit would have been given for the title...Misirlou, by Dick Dale & his Del-Tones.

Helpful Buckeye got an e-mail last week asking if I provide a list of my e-mailers to anyone else.  They were concerned that they might be receiving some unsolicited e-mail from a third party.  I can assure you that your e-mails stop with me and the only time I would use your e-mail address would be to answer one of your questions.  If you do have any questions or comments, please send an e-mail to: dogcatvethelp@gmail.com or click on the "Comment" icon at the end of this issue and send your comment.

CURRENT NEWS OF INTEREST

1) The Food & Drug Administration has announced the following voluntary recall: 

Response Products of Broken Bow, Nebraska has issued a voluntary recall of two lots of Advanced Cetyl M® Joint Action Formula for Dogs because the products may have been contaminated with Salmonella. The supplements are sold through veterinarians and online and other retailers. No illnesses have been reported to date. The affected lot numbers include 1210903 and 128010.

Go to this FDA web site link for further information about the product and what to do if you have purchased and/or used the product already: http://www.fda.gov/Safety/Recalls/ucm208421.htm 

2) The ASPCA is involved in a campaign to help eliminate "puppy mills" and the animal abuses commonly associated with them.  Their efforts in Missouri are very important this month:  

Live from Missouri: ASPCA Supports Landmark Puppy Mill Initiative



Home to an estimated 3,000 puppy mills—far more than any other state—Missouri has rightly earned the nickname “Puppy Mill Capital of America.” Puppy mills are large-scale commercial dog breeding operations where profit is given priority over the well-being of the dogs. The overcrowding and lack of basic hygiene, veterinary care and exercise that are the hallmark of puppy mills create puppies with numerous health and social issues—but it is the breeding dogs, the ones who never get to leave, who suffer the most.


However, help is on the way! Missourians for the Protection of Dogs—a coalition made up of the ASPCA, the Humane Society of the U.S., the Humane Society of Missouri and the Missouri Alliance for Animal Legislation—is sponsoring a landmark ballot initiative to put the Missouri Puppy Mill Cruelty Prevention Act before the state’s voters in November 2010. If the act reaches the ballot and passes, it will prohibit some of the worst abuses prevalent in Missouri’s commercial dog kennels—but the first step is gathering 130,000 signatures of support from Missouri voters by the end of April.


“The Missouri Puppy Mill Cruelty Prevention Act is a crucial step in combating some of the most horrific cruelty perpetuated by commercial breeders in Missouri,” says Cori Menkin, ASPCA Senior Director of Legislative Initiatives. “It will provide dogs with basic humane care, including sufficient food, water, housing and necessary veterinary care—things that, unfortunately, are sorely lacking in many commercial breeding facilities.”


With only a few weeks left to go before the April 27 deadline, the pressure is on. Several ASPCA staffers have volunteered their time to help count and process the flood of petition signatures, and are currently on the ground in Missouri.


“I am so happy to be part of this historic grassroots effort,” says Tawnya Mosgrove, an Illinois-based member of our Government Relations department. “Our hope is not only to help the dogs in Missouri, but that other states will follow suit with similar initiatives of their own. The work here is hard, but the end result will be worth every blister on my finger!”


DISEASES, AILMENTS, AND MEDICAL CONDITIONS

In last week's issue of Questions On Dogs and Cats, Helpful Buckeye provided a comprehensive list of many of the health problems dogs can face when they are in a "social" setting with other dogs.  As you saw in one of our poll questions, half of our readers who responded said their dog had suffered some type of problem at a gathering of dogs.  To take this dilemma one step further, what about the dog owners who attend these "social" gatherings with their dogs?  Are they at risk for some type of infection, injury, or unknown ailment?

The American Veterinary Medical Association has followed up last week's topic with:

Disease Risks For People

People attending dog social events can be at risk of zoonotic diseases, which are diseases that spread from animals to people. Some of these diseases can be spread directly from dogs to people, while other diseases may come from the environment where the dog social gathering is taking place.


Cryptosporidiosis

Cryptosporidiosis is caused by a single-celled, microscopic parasite that lives in the intestines and can be present in high numbers in the stool of infected animals or people. It is generally spread by the fecal-oral route, meaning that a person or animal comes in contact with the stool (or a surface or soil contaminated by the stool) of an infected animal or person then touches their mouth or eats or drinks something; often, the person can't see their hands are contaminated, and they accidentally eat the parasite and become infected. Infection can also come from swimming in or drinking contaminated water. People infected with Cryptosporidium may develop stomach cramps, diarrhea, vomiting and fever.

Dog bites

Dog bites are always a risk when people and dogs come together. Most people are bitten by their own dog or a dog they know. At dog gatherings, people may be bitten when they try to break up a dog fight. Prevention is the best method for avoiding dog bites. Socialize your dog and train it to be obedient. Neutered and spayed dogs are less likely to bite. Be a responsible dog owner and be careful around unfamiliar dogs.

All dog bites should be immediately cleaned with soap and water and the rabies vaccination status of the biting dog should be determined. If bitten, consult your physician. Some states require animal bites to be reported to local health authorities, so be sure to notify them as well, if necessary.

Echinococcosis

People can be infected by several species of tapeworms. Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus can infect people who come into contact with the infected animal's stool (or anything, including the animal's fur, that is contaminated with stool). The symptoms of disease vary with the type of worm, but can include respiratory or digestive problems.

External parasites

Just like their dogs, people can become the victims of fleas, ticks and Cheyletiella mites. Itching and bumps with dark/blackened centers may occur with Cheyletiella infestation. Flea bites cause itching and raised, reddened skin. In certain parts of the U.S., certain types of fleas can carry diseases such as plague. Ticks are capable of transmitting tick-borne diseases such as ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and others.

People can also become infected with the mange mite that causes sarcoptic mange in dogs and develop itchy, reddened skin.

Hookworms and roundworms

Human infections with hookworms and roundworms usually occur when a person accidentally eats the larvae (for example, the person may handle infected soil or an infected dog and then eat without washing their hands) or when the larvae burrow through the person's skin.

Roundworm infection in people can cause serious, even life-threatening, illness when the parasites enter the organs. Lung, liver or brain damage can occur. If the parasites enter the eyes, permanent blindness can result.

Hookworms can cause severe itching and tunnel-like, red areas as they move through the skin. If they are eaten, they can cause intestinal problems.

Fungal infections

Like their dogs, people can be exposed to the fungal organisms that cause histoplasmosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis and coccidioidomycosis. Inhalation of fungal spores is the most common route of infection in people. The symptoms may include flu-like or pneumonia-like symptoms, chest pain, fever, coughing, headache, skin rash or muscle aches. Immunosuppressed people are at the highest risk of infection and illness.

People can become infected with canine ringworm caused by the fungal organism Microsporum canis through contact with an infected dog. Symptoms include itching, scaly skin, hair loss and possibly "ring-like" skin rashes.

Mosquito-borne diseases

Any outdoor activity that occurs during mosquito season puts people at risk of mosquito bites and mosquito-borne diseases such as West Nile Virus and the equine encephalitis viruses. Although these diseases aren't spread from dogs to people, people are at risk of being infected with these diseases any time they are outside during periods of mosquito activity. The symptoms caused by these diseases can vary in severity, but include fever, headache, neckache, flu-like symptoms, abnormal behavior, seizures, coma and death.

Tick-borne diseases

Ticks are capable of transmitting tick-borne diseases such as ehrlichiosis, babesiosis, Lyme disease, Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever and others. The symptoms caused by these diseases vary, but may include pinpoint (or larger) blood spots on the skin and rashes, joint pain, muscle ache, fatigue and headache.

Water-borne diseases

People who swim in water frequented by any animals (or people, for that matter) can be exposed to water-borne diseases such as Cryptosporidium (covered separately above because it is also spread by contact with the stool of infected animals), Giardia, Shigella and E.coli. The symptoms can vary based on the infection, but can include diarrhea, vomiting and stomach cramps.

People can also develop leptospirosis from exposure to water contaminated with Leptospira-contaminated urine. Symptoms can include fever, headache, muscle aches, diarrhea and vomiting,

Although the possible disease issues to be transmitted from dogs to humans may seem overwhelming, veterinarians are experts on zoonotic diseases and animal-related health hazards. Please consult with your veterinarian if you have questions or need more information about any of the diseases described here. Your veterinarian may also wish to consult with your physician regarding any health issues to ensure that both you and your dog remain as healthy as possible.

The AVMA would like to thank the Council on Public Health and Regulatory Veterinary Medicine, Dr. Robert Belden, Dr. Ron Schultz, the American College of Veterinary Behavior, and the American Veterinary Society of Animal Behavior for their roles in developing this document.

All of this information notwithstanding, Helpful Buckeye is not trying to scare any of you away from enjoying an afternoon at the dog park with one or more of your favorites canines.  As long as you are aware of these potential risks, you should be able to minimize your chances of any exposure.

NON-MEDICAL CONCERNS

1) Along the lines of enjoying the onset of spring and summer with your pets, it's always a good idea to review some of the safety measures associated with lawn and garden preparation and care...and how they might relate to your pets' health.  The AVMA has a really interesting podcast about this topic at: http://www.avmamedia.org/display.asp?sid=242&NAME=Lawn_and_Garden_Care_and_Pet_Safety

PRODUCTS OF THE WEEK

1) When I first read about this new device, the Shapoopie, I had some doubts as to its usefulness.  Here is a review that is mostly positive: http://www.pawnation.com/2010/04/13/pet-product-review-we-put-the-shapoopie-to-the-test/ 

After reading this review, Helpful Buckeye still can imagine a lot of dogs not wanting something like this shoved under their rear end while in the act of defecating.  What do you think?

2) Big Daddy Dog Biscuits appear to be making quite an impression on the dog world.  Read this review of these all-natural, organic dog treats: http://www.pawnation.com/2010/02/19/pet-product-review-big-daddy-dog-biscuits/  and then head on over to their web site for your chance to order some for your pooch: http://www.bigdaddybiscuits.com/index.html 

3) How many of you have scratched window sills from your dog's paws and nails rubbing there while looking out the window?  Helpful Buckeye suspects this might be more common than we think.  Here's an easy-to-use product that will protect your window sills: http://www.sillshield.com/ 

Read this review about Sill Shield and Door Shield: http://www.pawnation.com/2010/02/15/pet-product-review-sill-shield/ 

GENERAL INTEREST

1) The ASPCA has some food for thought as we approach Earth Day this week.  With Earth Day, April 22, just days away, there are plenty of ways to show the planet some love with eco-friendly pet parenting. Just like us, our beloved animal companions love to eat and play—but they haven’t yet mastered the art of recycling or composting. Here are some simple steps you can take to reduce your pet’s carbon paw print:


• Tap is where it’s at! Give your pet filtered tap water instead of bottled to drink. If you must use bottled water, be sure to recycle the bottle.

• Scoop the poop with biodegradable bags instead of plastic bags. Kitty parents, go for eco-friendly cat litters, avoiding brands containing mined minerals.

• Don’t reach for the bleach to clean your pet’s messes. Use vinegar instead—it’s green, removes odors and kills bacteria.

• Get Moving! Walk your dog to the doggie park rather than driving there.

• Buy pet supplies in bulk or the largest available size. You’ll make fewer trips to the store and cut down on discarded packaging.

2) The ASPCA reports that 3 dogs were the victims of strychnine-laced meatballs in the Spokane, WA vicinity: Spokane County Regional Animal Protection Service (SCRAPS), an ASPCA community partner, has launched an investigation into the recent deaths of three dogs at two different locations in the South Hill neighborhood of Spokane, WA.



On February 19, a woman reported to SCRAPS that she let her dogs outside at approximately 6:00 A.M., and when she went to feed her horses, saw one of the dogs eating something off the ground. She called her dog away from what was later identified as meatballs. Approximately 30 minutes later, the dog started having convulsions and was taken to an emergency clinic, where he died. Two other dogs were reported dead by another pet parent in the South Hill neighborhood on the same day.


Test results from Washington State University indicated that the meatballs were laced with strychnine, which was most likely from gopher bait or a gopher control pesticide. The gopher bait product was mixed with the meat and then cooked. This type of gopher bait product is a “restricted-use” pesticide in the state of Washington, but it is available for purchase at licensed pesticide dealers by those who are eligible.


“There are many ways an individual could have obtained this product, either legally or illegally,” said SCRAPS Lead Animal Protection Officer Nicole Montano, the primary officer investigating these crimes.


SCRAPS is urging everyone to help spread the word about the poisonings in Spokane, and is advising pet parents to keep a close eye on their furry friends and thoroughly inspect their yards and surrounding properties for foreign or toxic substances.


If anyone has any information related to these incidents, please call SCRAPS’s emergency line at (509) 477-2533. This level of cruelty can lead to a charge of animal cruelty in the first degree, a class C felony that carries a maximum penalty of five years in prison and a $10,000 fine.

Regular readers of Questions On Dogs and Cats will recall that Helpful Buckeye discussed strychnine poisoning in a previous issue.  A review would be a good idea: http://questionsondogsandcats.blogspot.com/2009/03/spring-has-sprung.html 

3) Have you ever considered having your dog certified as a Therapy Dog?  The folks at Local Lowdown: http://www.pawnation.com/2010/04/16/local-lowdown-could-your-dog-become-a-therapy-dog/  have several suggestions.

You don't need to refer to the countless research studies that have proven the mental and physical benefits that animal companionship can give. You live it. So why not consider sharing your pup's friendly charm and companionship with those who would appreciate it? Consider getting your dog certified to become a Therapy Dog. Opportunities for certification are offered year-round across the country, and once certified, you and your dog can volunteer for rewarding work that helps others. Here's what you need to know:


What do Therapy Dogs Do?

Therapy Dogs and their owners work to help children feel comfortable reading aloud, to assist veterans suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder, to simply help brighten the day for those in nursing homes and hospitals, and more. Once your dog is certified as a Therapy Dog, you'll volunteer together at hospitals, libraries, nursing homes, and other places to provide comfort and companionship.

What kinds of dogs can become Therapy Dogs?

Dogs of any breed, size and shape can become Therapy Dogs as long as they have one important characteristic: An excellent temperament. They must be patient, gentle, calm and well mannered, and like all kinds of people. Since they'll be petted and handled, they also must enjoy human contact. Dogs must also be healthy and at least one year old.

What's involved in Therapy Dog certification and training?

Certification and training varies by organization, but typically requires behavioral and obedience tests. Therapy Dogs International (TDI), the oldest and largest therapy dog organization in the U.S., requires a therapy-dog evaluation for suitability, which includes the American Kennel Club's Canine Good Citizen (CGC) Test, among other tests that assess the dog's behavior around people.

What are the kinds of programs that my dog may participate in?

Here are a few examples of animal activity and therapy dog opportunities found in DogPlay.com's state-by-state guide to local therapy organizations :

Alabama: Hand-in-Paw in Birmingham has many programs including "Sit, Stay, Read! which helps reluctant young readers who are performing below grade level to overcome embarrassment and improve skills by reading aloud to a non-judgmental therapy animal."

Minnesota: Bark Avenue On Parade in Minneapolis focuses on pet-assisted therapy with people who may be isolated due to age, illness or disability. Bark Avenue's regular visit schedule includes four monthly visits at three area hospitals.

Oklahoma: Creatures and Kids in Edmond, used pets and their handlers to teach "kindness and compassion toward all living things." They offer 37 programs including a "Kind Kids" class for kindergarten and elementary students, "The Power of Empathy" for high school students and an array of adult classes.

How do I find a local Therapy Dog certification program?

In addition to visiting DogPlay.com you can also contact one of the national organizations, such as such as Therapy Dogs International or the Delta Society, both of which list upcoming test dates by state.

4) According to AARP Magazine, May & June 2010, a poll titled Ruff Love, has found that 24% of pet owners 55 years and older celebrate their pets' birthdays.  The poll also determined that 57% of pet owners over 55 say their pets are more likely than their significant other to give them welcome-home kisses!  I'm not sure what that's supposed to mean....

SPORTS NEWS

The LA Dodgers finally have battled back to the .500 mark by taking 2 out of 3 games from our hated, long-time rivals, the SF Giants.  Helpful Buckeye knows the season is still young, but...you can't let a team get too far ahead of you.

The San Antonio Spurs begin the NBA playoffs against Dallas tonight.  Spurs fans are concerned about age catching up with our three big stars...Duncan, Parker, and Ginobili.


~~The goal of this blog is to provide general information and advice to help you be a better pet owner and to have a more rewarding relationship with your pet. This blog does not intend to replace the professional one-on-one care your pet receives from a practicing veterinarian. When in doubt about your pet's health, always visit a veterinarian.~~